The Effects of Polymer Coating of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage
Date
2020Author
Sen, Gamze Tilbe and Ozkemahli, Gizem and Shahbazi, Reza and Erkekoglu,
Pinar and Ulubayram, Kezban and Kocer-Gumusel, Belma
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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in many biological and
biomedical applications. In this regard, their surface modification is
of paramount importance in order to increase their cellular uptake,
delivery capability, and optimize their distribution inside the body.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of AuNPs on
cytotoxicity, oxidant/antioxidant parameters, and DNA damage in HepG2
cells and investigate the potential toxic effects of different surface
modifications such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine
(PEI; molecular weights of 2,000 (low molecular weight {[}LMW]) and
25,000 (high molecular weight {[}HMW]). The study groups were determined
as AuNPs, PEG-coated AuNPs (AuNPs/PEG), low-molecular weight
polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/PEI LMW), and
high-molecular weight polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs/PEI HMW). After incubating HepG2 cells with different
concentrations of nanoparticles for 24 hours, half maximal inhibitory
concentrations (the concentration that kills 50\% of the cells) were
determined as 166.77, 257.73, and 198.44 mu g/mL for AuNPs, AuNPs/PEG,
and AuNPs/PEI LMW groups, respectively. Later, inhibitory concentration
30 (IC30, the concentration that kills 30\% of the cells) doses were
calculated, and further experiments were performed on cells that were
exposed to IC30 doses. Although intracellular reactive oxygen species
levels significantly increased in all nanoparticles, AuNPs as well as
AuNPs/PEG did not cause any changes in oxidant/antioxidant parameters.
However, AuNPs/PEI HMW particularly induced oxidative stress as evidence
of alterations in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. These
results suggest that at IC30 doses, AuNPs do not affect oxidative stress
and DNA damage significantly. Polyethylene glycol coating does not have
an impact on toxicity, however PEI coating (particularly HMW) can induce
oxidative stress.
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